Prof. Dr. med. Ekkehard Euler

Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik - Klinikum Innenstadt
Nussbaumstr. 20
80336 München

Publications with CAMP

	L. Wang, J. Traub, S.M. Heining, S. Benhimane, R. Graumann, E. Euler, N. Navab Long Bone X-ray Image Stitching using C-arm Motion Estimation Proceedings of Bildverarbeitung fuer die Medizin (BVM 2009), Heidelberg, Germany, March 2009 (to be published) (bib)
	L. Wang, S. Weidert, J. Traub, S.M. Heining, C. Riquarts, E. Euler, N. Navab Camera Augmented Mobile C-arm: Towards Real Patient Study Proceedings of Bildverarbeitung fuer die Medizin (BVM 2009), Heidelberg, Germany, March 2009 (to be published) (bib)
	O. Kutter, A. Aichert, C. Bichlmeier, J. Traub, S.M. Heining, B. Ockert, E. Euler, N. Navab Real-time Volume Rendering for High Quality Visualization in Augmented Reality International Workshop on Augmented environments for Medical Imaging including Augmented Reality in Computer-aided Surgery (AMI-ARCS 2008), USA, New York, September 2008 (bib)
	J. Traub, A. Ahmadi, N. Padoy, L. Wang, S.M. Heining, E. Euler, P. Jannin, N. Navab Workflow Based Assessment of the Camera Augmented Mobile C-arm System International Workshop on Augmented Reality environments for Medical Imaging and Computer-aided Surgery (AMI-ARCS 2008), New York, NY, USA, September 2008 (bib)
	L. Wang, J. Traub, S.M. Heining, S. Benhimane, R. Graumann, E. Euler, N. Navab Long Bone X-ray Image Stitching Using Camera Augmented Mobile C-arm Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI, 2008, New York, USA, September 6-10 2008 (bib)
	J. Traub, S.M. Heining, E. Euler, N. Navab Two camera augmented mobile C-arm – System setup and first experiments Proceedings of The 8th Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS 2008), Hong Kong, China, June, 2008 (bib)
	S.M. Heining, C. Bichlmeier, E. Euler, N. Navab Smart Device: Virtually Extended Surgical Drill Proceedings of The 8th Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS 2008), Hong Kong, China, June, 2008 (bib)
	P. Stefan, J. Traub, S.M. Heining, C. Riquarts, T. Sielhorst, E. Euler, N. Navab Hybrid navigation interface: a comparative study Proceedings of Bildverarbeitung fuer die Medizin (BVM 2007), Munich, Germany, March 2007, pp. 81-86 (bib)
	T. Klein, S. Benhimane, J. Traub, S.M. Heining, E. Euler, N. Navab Interactive Guidance System for C-arm Repositioning without Radiation Proceedings of Bildverarbeitung fuer die Medizin (BVM 2007), Munich, Germany, March 2007, pp. 21-25 (bib)
	N. Navab, S. Wiesner, S. Benhimane, E. Euler, S.M. Heining Visual Servoing for Intraoperative Positioning and Repositioning of Mobile C-arms Proceedings of Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI 2006), Copenhagen, Denmark, October 2006 (bib)
	J. Traub, P. Stefan, S.M. Heining, T. Sielhorst, C. Riquarts, E. Euler, N. Navab Hybrid navigation interface for orthopedic and trauma surgery Proceedings of Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI 2006), Copenhagen, Denmark, October 2006, pp. 373-380 (bib)
	J. Traub, P. Stefan, S.M. Heining, T. Sielhorst, C. Riquarts, E. Euler, N. Navab Towards a Hybrid Navigation Interface: Comparison of a Slice Based Navigation System with In-situ Visualization Proceedings of International Workshop on Medical Imaging and Augmented Reality (MIAR 2006), Shanghai, China, August, 2006, pp.179-186 (bib)
	S.M. Heining, P. Stefan, L. Omary, S. Wiesner, T. Sielhorst, N. Navab, F. Sauer, E. Euler, W. Mutschler, J. Traub Evaluation of an in-situ visualization system for navigated trauma surgery Journal of Biomechanics 2006; Vol. 39 Suppl. 1, page 209 (bib)
	S.M. Heining, S. Wiesner, E. Euler, N. Navab CAMC (camera augmented mobile c-arm) - first clinical application in a cadaver study Journal of Biomechanics 2006; Vol. 39 Suppl. 1, page 210 (bib)
	J. Traub, P. Stefan, S.M. Heining, T. Sielhorst, C. Riquarts, E. Euler, N. Navab Stereoscopic augmented reality navigation for trauma surgery: cadaver experiment and usability study International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, 2006; Vol. 1 Suppl. 1, page 30 - 31. The original publication is available online at www.springerlink.com (bib)
	S.M. Heining, S. Wiesner, E. Euler, N. Navab Pedicle screw placement under video-augmented fluoroscopic control. First clinical application in a cadaver study International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, 2006; Vol. 1 Suppl. 1, page 189-190. The original publication is available online at www.springerlink.com (bib)
	S.M. Heining, P. Stefan, F. Sauer, E. Euler, N. Navab, J. Traub Evaluation of an in-situ visualization system for navigated trauma surgery Proceedings of The 6th Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS 2006), Montreal, Canada, June, 2006 (bib)
	S.M. Heining, S. Wiesner, E. Euler, W. Mutschler, N. Navab Locking of intramedullary nails under video-augmented flouroscopic control: first clinical application in a cadaver study Proceedings of The 6th Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS 2006), Montreal, Canada, June, 2006 (bib)

Research Projects with CAMP

Camera Augmented Mobile C-arm

The problem of positioning mobile C-arms, e.g. for down the beam techniques, as well as repositioning during surgical procedures currently requires time, skill and additional radiation. The Camera-Augmented Mobile C-arm (CAMC) is able to speed up the procedure, simplify its execution and reduce the necessary radiation. The C-arm is extended by a CCD camera. The CCD camera is attached to the C-arm such that it is virtually at the same location than the x-ray source. This is done by a double mirror construction. A two step calibration routine has be done only once at the moment the camera is attached. Extensions for a lightwight, but complete navigation system for pedile screw placement or implant positioning is currently under investigation.

3D user interfaces for medical interventions

This work group aims at practical user interfaces for 3D imaging data in surgery and medical interventions. The usual monitor based visualization and mouse based interaction with 3D data will not present acceptable solutions. Here we study the use of head mounted displays and advanced interaction techniques as alternative solutions. Different issues such as depth perception in augmented reality environment and optimal data representation for a smooth and efficient integration into the surgical workflow are the focus of our research activities. Furthermore appropriate ways of interaction within the surgical environment are investigated.

ARAV Augmented Reality Aided Vertebroplasty

In today’s ORs more and more operations are performed employing minimally invasive procedures. Surgical instruments are inserted through a tiny cut on the patient’s skin, the port to the inside of the patient. In some cases endoscope cameras record video images of the operation site that are presented on a monitor. As a consequence of this technique, the surgeon’s field of view is divided into several work spaces, the monitor, the patient and information of medical imaging data presented on a third station. The missing direct view on the workspace complicates intuitive control of surgical tools. In contrast to open surgery the physician has to collect information from several fields of view at the same time and fuse information mentally to create a complete model of his working space, the operation site. The minimally invasive intervention vertebroplasty was determined as a suitable medical application to bring an Head Mounted Display (HMD) into the OR for augmentation of surgical instruments and medical imaging data. In-situ visualization with an HMD presents all available imaging data and navigational information in one field of view. The objective of vertebroplasty is the insertion of cement into weak and brittle vertebrae through a trocar for stabilization. In this case the view on the inside of the patient is not provided by an endoscope camera. However, since the operation is performed under a CT scanner, imaging data is permanently updated to check position of the trocar and amount of inserted cement. Imaging data is presented on a monitor and has to be mapped mentally by the surgeon on the real operation site.

Virtual Mirror: Interaction Paradigm for Augmented Reality Applications

Augmented Reality offers a higher degree of freedom for the programmer than classical visualization of volume data on a screen. The existing paradigms for interaction with 3D objects are not satisfactory for particular applications since the majority of them rotate and move the object of interest. The classic manipulation of virtual objects cannot be used while keeping real and virtual spaces in alignment within an AR environment. This project introduces a simple and efficient interaction paradigm allowing the users to interact with 3D objects and visualize them from arbitrary viewpoints without disturbing the in-situ visualization, or requiring the user to change the viewpoint. We present a virtual, tangible mirror as a new paradigm for interaction with 3D models. The concept borrows its visualization paradigm in some sense from methodology used by dentists to examine the oral cavity without constantly changing their own viewpoint or moving the patients head. The virtual mirror improves the understanding of complex structures, enables completely new concepts to support navigational aid for different tasks and provides the user with intuitive views on physically restricted areas.

Improving Depth Perception and Perception of Layout for In-Situ Visualization in Medical Augmented Reality

In-situ visualization in medical augmented reality (AR) using for instance a video see-through head mounted display (HMD) and an optical tracking system enables the stereoscopic view on visualized CT data registered with the real anatomy of a patient. Data can aligned with the required accuracy and the surgeons do not have to analyze data on an external monitor or images attached to the wall somewhere in the operating room. Thanks to a medical AR system like mentioned before, surgeons get a direct view onto and also ”into” the patient. Mental registration of medical imagery with the operation site is not necessary anymore. In addition surgical instruments can be augmented inside the human body. Bringing medical imagery and surgical instruments in the same field of action provides the most intuitive way to understand the patient’s anatomy within the region of interest and allows for the development of completely new generations of surgical navigation systems.
Unfortunately, this method of presenting medical data suffers from a serious lack. Virtual imagery, such as a volume rendered spinal column, can only be displayed superimposed on real objects. If virtual entities of the scene are expected behind real ones, like the virtual spinal column beneath the real skin surface, this problem implicates incorrect perception of the viewed objects respective their distance to the observer. The strong visual depth cue interposition is responsible for misleading depth perception. This project aims at the development and evaluation of methods to improve depth perception for in-situ visualization in medical AR. Its intention is to provide an extended view onto the human body that allows an intuitive localization of visualized bones and tissue.

Teaching with CAMP

UsersForm
Title:	Prof. Dr.
Firstname:	Ekkehard
Middlename:
Lastname:	Euler
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Birthday:
Nationality:	Germany
Languages:
Groups:	Medical Imaging, Computer-Aided Surgery, Medical Augmented Reality
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Position:	External Collaborator
Status:	Active
Emailbefore:	Ekkehard.Euler
Emailafter:	med.uni-muenchen.de
Room:	Klinikum Innenstadt
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